Industrial waste prevention and control measures for water pollution
For many years, industrial wastewater has been recognized as an important source of pollution in waters, and urban domestic sewage has also been listed as the focus of treatment because it contains components that can cause damage to water bodies. One of the characteristics of water is integrity. Like the blood circulation of the human body, water on the earth is a whole that is constantly moving, changing and exchanging with each other. The process of water circulation in various states is called the water cycle. In the process of water circulation, the properties of water will change with human intervention. Whether it is domestic sewage, industrial wastewater, or farmland irrigation wastewater, it contains a large number of environmental pollutants. These waters that carry a large number of pollutants, whether they participate in the natural cycle of water or the social cycle of water, will have a negative impact on the water cycle. The main components of agricultural wastewater are nitrogen pollutants, phosphorus pollutants, organic oxygen pollutants, toxic organic matter and sediment. At present, agricultural wastewater has become a serious source of pollution. A study conducted by international organizations shows that the main factor causing water pollution in Hangzhou Bay is not industrial and mining enterprises, nor urban domestic sewage, but rural agricultural pollution.
The experience of developed countries has shown that simply treating point pollution sources will not significantly improve lake water quality. After basic control of point source pollution, non-point source treatment must be carried out in order to speed up the recovery of lake water quality. After a large number of investigations and studies, relevant experts have proposed that our country's water pollution prevention and control strategy should be adjusted as soon as possible. First, it should shift from end-to-end treatment to source control; second, it should shift from simple industrial point-source pollution control to a unified comprehensive treatment of non-point source pollution and internal source pollution. It can be seen that only by strategically taking non-point source pollution as the focus of prevention, treating both the symptoms and the root causes, preventing problems before they occur, and truly making overall consideration and minimizing the generation of new pollution sources is correct and feasible.
In order to improve the water environment, our country has promulgated the Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China, led by the Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law of the People's Republic of China.
And a series of related laws and regulations, rules and standards of water pollution prevention and control of the legal system.. But our country also needs to develop a series of perfect prevention and control measures for rural water pollution, thoroughly control the current situation of water pollution in our country.
1. Legislative principles of rural water pollution
① Principles of comprehensive governance. Non-point source pollution control should be combined with point source control, actively explore water rights, water markets and pollution control models suitable for rural production and life, and continuously reform and improve the existing water resources management system and operation mechanism; implement water abstraction permit system and monitoring of water resources in river basins in the vast rural areas. Scientifically formulate agricultural water resources strategic planning, comprehensive river basin planning and various water conservancy construction plans. Overall arrangements for rural life, production and ecological water use.
② The principle of synchronization of supervision. The laws and regulations formulated must have a supporting management system, and at the same time, a monitoring system for all-round source pollution, a guarantee system, funding sources, and a water environment should be improved.
③ The principle of combining with regional economic development. Combining agricultural production laws and regional characteristics to follow the principle of sustainable development, it not only protects the environment but also benefits production. Combined with ecological agriculture construction, while controlling non-point source pollution, the rural society and economy of the basin can enter a virtuous circle of sustainable development and promote sustainable utilization of water resources.
④ The principle of encouraging scientific and technological progress. According to the characteristics of our country's current development stage, the fundamental way out for water environmental protection is scientific and technological progress. Carrying out scientific research on pollutants discharged from rural areas, greatly reducing the investment cost of pollution control with scientific and technological progress, and improving resource utilization and farmers' benefits is the fundamental way out for rural water environmental protection.
⑤ The principle of public participation. Farmers' low awareness of environmental protection and lack of environmental protection knowledge are obstacles to the management of rural water environment. We must do a good job in publicity and encourage farmers to actively participate in the management and supervision of water resources, so as to enhance the scientific and democratic control of rural water pollution.
2. Institutional system of rural water pollution prevention and control legislation
A good quality law is essential, it is the standard of people's behavior, but if the law only puts obligatory requirements on the actors, without clear management mechanisms and necessary management means, the law will be a piece of paper. According to the actual situation of agricultural development in our country and the causes of non-point source pollution in rural areas, the rural water pollution prevention and control measures should establish the following management systems.
① Management system for water pollution sources. The management of agricultural water pollution sources should include: sewage declaration and registration system, sewage appropriate charging system, time-limited treatment system, regular monitoring system for village water bodies, water pollution accident declaration and emergency measures system, etc.
② Supervision system for agricultural water environmental protection. The supervision of agricultural water environmental protection should include: environmental impact assessment system, "three simultaneous" system, target responsibility system, water protection government openness system, and mass participation supervision system.
③ About the legal liability system. The legal liability system for agricultural water environmental protection should include: administrative legal liability system, civil legal liability system, and criminal legal liability system.
To sum up, if we want to change the problem of non-point source pollution in rural areas, we must start from the whole of protecting the environment, focus on prevention, and try to be "all-inclusive". This urgently requires us to have a forward-looking vision, and when agricultural wastewater is not particularly serious, we should start legislative work in this area in advance to prevent problems before they occur.
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