Rural college students' hukou issue: rural areas
The question about college students and hukou migration is this: According to the current regulations, every student who is admitted to the university can transfer his hukou from the home place to the school place at the beginning of enrollment. This hukou transfer is voluntary, and students can choose to move or not. When the academic period expires, students with hukou in the school either settle down at the place of employment according to the "dispatch" of the school; or they are in a state of unemployment and the hukou is returned to their place of origin.
It may seem that this hukou transfer is a trivial matter, but two hidden problems have become a problem that plagues some college graduates.
The first problem is that this hukou migration policy was formulated and implemented during the period of employment package distribution for college graduates. Under the premise of graduation package distribution for college graduates, graduates can be assigned stable jobs, and after graduation, the hukou will be moved to the place of work, so there is no problem with this policy. But now the system of job allocation for college graduates has been abolished for more than ten years. Most college graduates did not find a job when they graduated, but were in a state of unemployment, so the hukou had to be returned to their place of origin. So the hukou migration of college students became a simple move out and then move back, which has no practical meaning and is purely a waste of energy. If that's all there is to it, more importantly, the so-called "return to the origin" is not a complete return to the origin, which creates more serious problems below.
The second problem is the core of the problem. The hukou transfer has little impact on college students with non-agricultural hukou. At most, it is just running errands and wasting some energy. However, for college students with agricultural hukou, it is completely different. For students with agricultural hukou, when students are admitted to college and the hukou is moved from the place of their family to the place of their school, the nature of the hukou has changed from agricultural hukou to non-agricultural hukou - because in the current system in our country, college students are another identity different from farmers and workers: state cadres. Ordinary workers are managed by the local labor bureau, and college graduates are managed by the local personnel bureau, which is why. Of course, as mentioned above, this system was also formed during the period of college students' employment package distribution. As for why it has continued until today, it is a puzzling question for us.
In fact, I didn't expect college students to have the status of national cadres at first, and I didn't hear about it until I was about to graduate. Students with agricultural hukou migrate their hukou and become national cadres, non-agricultural hukou. However, after graduation, because the treatment of assigned jobs is cancelled, and if they don't find a job, the hukou will be returned to their place of origin. However, please note that this return to their place of origin does not mean that the hukou will be moved back to the original rural home and then become a farmer household, but will be moved back to the village committee and become a non-agricultural hukou affiliated with the village collective. What does it mean to change from an agricultural hukou to a non-agricultural hukou? This means that rural college graduates will lose the right to contract land, lose the land use rights, homesteads, and private land contracted by their parents; at the same time, if they cannot settle down in the city, although they are non-agricultural hukou, they will not enjoy the benefits enjoyed by the urban population.
For example, A himself is a non-agricultural household registration, and when he was in college, he did not handle the hukou transfer at all, so it has nothing to do with these problems; but B is an agricultural household registration, and when he came to school, the hukou was also moved to the school. B said that his family contracted hundreds of acres of mountains and forests to grow rubber, and there are large homesteads and private land in the family. He has only one son in the family. He planned to go out and spend a few years after graduation, marry his wife and earn money back, and then build a three or four-story villa in his hometown, and live comfortably for the rest of his life. If the agricultural household registration was really converted to a non-agricultural household registration, wouldn't all these beautiful plans be in vain? B asked A if he could transfer back to the agricultural household registration? A said that the matter is hanging in the balance.
Our country's land, urban land is owned by the state, and rural land is collectively owned by farmers. That is to say, farmers at least nominally own land ownership, but not individually, but collectively. Every farmer enjoys various rights to the land of the village collective, including contracting land use rights, distributing land transfer fees, and so on. Whoever has land and who doesn't has land is counted. For the village collective, land resources are certain, so the fewer people participate in the distribution, the better. If you casually allow non-agricultural hukou to be converted into agricultural hukou and participate in the distribution of rural land rights, this is a damage to the collective interests of the village. So it is not easy to convert from agriculture to agriculture, and it is difficult to convert from agriculture to agriculture! When the problem is analyzed at this step, B's mental calculation is completely cold. "We are deceived! He had inexplicably lost his hometown's property and could not enjoy the treatment of the city people. What was going on?
With the cooperation of the system of package distribution for college graduates, the hukou migration policy for college students was originally a bright road for rural college students to get rid of their status as farmers and move to the upper class of society. However, today, when the package distribution system no longer exists, hukou migration has become a trap to deprive rural college students of their land rights! It can be seen that institutional reform is a matter that affects the whole body. Any changes to the constituent policies within the institutional system should be accompanied by the linkage of relevant policies to form a coordinated and orderly institutional reform. Otherwise, it will form a deformed policy like the migration of college students' hukou, which was originally beneficial but has now become harmful.
