What are the black metals? Non-ferrous metals
Ferrous metals and non-ferrous metals are collectively referred to as metals, while ferrous metals are not the black that people imagine. Generally, iron, chromium, manganese and their alloys are ferrous metals, and the rest of the metals belong to non-ferrous metals. Ferrous metals occupy an extremely important position in the national economy. Metals are divided into ferrous metals and non-ferrous metals. Let's take a look at ferrous metals and non-ferrous metals together.
What are the ferrous metals? Ferrous metals and non-ferrous metals are collectively referred to as metals. Ferrous metals are not the black that people imagine. Their classification mainly refers to: iron, chromium, manganese and their alloys, such as steel, pig iron, ferroalloys, cast iron, etc. Like iron, chromium, and manganese are not black, pure iron is silver white, chromium is gray white, and manganese is silver white. The "ferrous metallurgy industry" often referred to mainly refers to the iron and steel industry. Because the most common alloy steels are manganese steel and chromium steel, people also count manganese and chromium as "ferrous metals". Except for iron, manganese, and chromium, other metals are considered non-ferrous metals.
In non-ferrous metals, there are various classification methods. For example, according to the specific gravity, the specific gravity of aluminum, magnesium, lithium, sodium, potassium, etc. is less than 5, which is called "light metal", while the specific gravity of copper, zinc, nickel, mercury, tin, lead, etc. is greater than 5, which is called "heavy metal". Gold, silver, platinum, osmium, iridium, etc. are more expensive and called "precious metals". Radium, uranium, thorium, Polonium, etc. are radioactive and called "radioactive metals". There are also niobium, tantalum, zirconium, lutetium, gold, radium, hafnium, uranium, etc. Because the content in the earth's crust is less or more dispersed, people also call it "rare metals". Which are called ferrous metals. In the past, people saw that the surface of iron was covered with a mixture of black ferric oxide and tan ferric oxide, which looked black. Later, manganese and chromium were also counted as "ferrous metals". It is a general term for the classification of iron, chromium and manganese in industry, so it can be said that other single metal elements except iron, chromium and manganese are non-ferrous metals. Ferrous metals occupy an extremely important position in the national economy and are also an important symbol of a country's national strength.
The difference between non-ferrous metals and ferrous metals
1. Ferrous metals refer to alloys of iron and iron. Such as steel, pig iron, ferroalloys, cast iron, etc. Steel and pig iron are alloys based on iron and with carbon as the main additive element, collectively referred to as iron-carbon alloys. Pig iron refers to the product made by smelting iron ore in a blast furnace, which is mainly used for steelmaking and manufacturing castings. The cast pig iron is smelted in a melting iron furnace to obtain cast iron (liquid), and the liquid cast iron is cast into castings. This kind of cast iron is called cast iron. Ferroalloy is an alloy composed of iron and silicon, manganese, chromium, titanium and other elements. Ferroalloy is one of the raw materials for steelmaking. It is used as a deoxidizer and alloy element additive for steel during steelmaking.
2. Non-ferrous metals, also known as non-ferrous metals, refer to metals and alloys other than ferrous metals, such as copper, tin, lead, zinc, aluminum, brass, bronze, aluminum alloys and bearing alloys. In addition, chromium, nickel, manganese, molybdenum, cobalt, vanadium, tungsten, titanium, etc. These metals are mainly used as alloy additives to improve the performance of metals. Tungsten, titanium, molybdenum, etc. are mostly used in the production of hard alloys for knives. These non-ferrous metals are all called industrial metals, in addition to precious metals: platinum, gold, silver, etc., and rare metals, including radioactive uranium, radium, etc.
