灰链霉菌来源几丁质酶

农业领域：病原体控制。 人类医疗：哮喘。 制药：壳寡糖和N-乙酰D氨基葡萄糖的制备， 单细胞蛋白的制备 从真菌和酵母中分离原生质体 致病真菌控制 处理几丁质废弃物、灭蚊和形态发育应用： 几丁质酶是降解几丁质的酶的细胞外复合物。几丁质是真菌的细胞壁成分，是多种生物的外骨骼必需品，可重塑自身的几丁质或消化/溶解其他生物的甲壳质（昆虫、真菌、酵母和藻类以及其他脊椎动物的内部结构）。在许多微生物和植物中检测到几丁质酶。在真菌中，几丁质酶有助于形态发育，从而破坏真菌细胞壁固有的几丁质含量。植物几丁质酶通过相同的真菌细胞壁靶向来抵抗真菌侵袭并抑制真菌的生长。 在细菌中，细菌几丁质酶有助于利用几丁质作为碳源和能源。灰链霉菌如果以几丁质为碳完成生长诱导，会产生多个不同分子量的几丁质酶。 几丁质酶水解为N-乙酰基-D-葡萄糖胺涉及两个连续的酶反应： 第一个反应是壳聚糖糊精-几丁质酶，其是一种聚（β-(1→4)-[2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-D-葡萄糖苷]）-糖基水解酶。可以去除几丁质的壳二糖基团。 第二个活性位是N-乙酰基-氨基葡萄糖苷酶壳二糖酶，该酶将二糖裂解为单体亚基N-乙酰基-D-葡萄糖胺。 Chitinase is an extracellular complex of enzymes that degrade chitin. Chitin is a cell wall component of Fungi and exoskeketal essentials of different organisms which reshape their own chitin or digest/dissolve the chitin of other organisms (insects, fungi, yeast, and algae, and in the internal structures of other vertebrates) . Chitinases have been detected in many microorganisms and in plants. In fungi, chitinases assist in morphogenesis, to break down the inherent chitin content of fungal cell walls. Plant chitinases help in resistance to fungal attack and counteracting fungal growth, by targeting those same fungal cell walls. In bacteria, bacterial chitinases assist in utilizing chitin as a carbon source and as an energy source. Streptomyces griseus produces multiple chitinases of different molecular masses after growth induction with chitin as the carbon source. The enzymatic hydrolysis of chitin to N-acetyl-D-glucosamine involves two consecutive enzyme reactions: The first reaction, chitodextrinase-chitinase, is a poly(β-(1→4)-[2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucoside])- glycanohydrolase, which removes chitobiose units from chitin. The second activity is N-acetyl-glucosaminidasechitobiase, which cleaves the disaccharide to its monomer subunits, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. Application: Agriculture fields: control pathogens. Human health care: Asthma. Pharma: preparation of chitooligosaccharides and N-acetyl D glucosamine, Preparation of single-cell protein Isolation of protoplasts from fungi and yeast Control of pathogenic fungi Treatment of chitinous waste, mosquito control and morphogenesis

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