分枝杆菌的细胞壁内含有大量脂质包围在肽聚糖的外面,所以分枝杆菌一般不易着色。分枝杆菌中的分枝菌酸与染料一旦结合后,就很难被酸性脱色液脱色,故名抗酸染色。传统的染色方法要经过加热和延长染色时间来促使其着色,其中最具代表性的是结核杆菌Ziehl-Neelsen 染色法。抗酸染色液(Ziehl-Neelsen 热染法)属于热染色液,其染色原理是在加热条件下,分枝菌酸与复红结合成复合物,经亚甲蓝复染后,分枝杆菌仍然为红色,而其他细菌及背景中的物质为蓝色。该染色液更适用于冷染法效果不佳的情况。 A774580
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