chloromethylbenzene

Poison Corrosive

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Endocrine

Combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Above 67 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed.

Separated from food and feedstuffs and incompatible materials. See Chemical Dangers. Dry. Ventilation along the floor. Store only if stabilized.

Use powder, AFFF, foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system

LC50 (rat) = 150 ppm/2H

Wear safety goggles or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Flammable and moderately explosive when exposed to heat or flame.

ERG2024, Guide 156 (Benzyl chloride): · Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause environmental contamination.

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 1 ppm (5 mg/cu m).

Halogenated Organic Compounds

ACGIH Carcinogen - Confirmed Animal.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

NO open flames. Above 67 °C use a closed system and ventilation.

The major hazards encountered in the use and handling of benzyl chloride stem from both its toxicologic and chemical/physical properties. Toxic by all routes (ie, oral, dermal, inhalation), exposure to benzyl chloride may occur occupationally at sites where the substance is used as a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of a wide range of commercial products (eg, dyes, perfumes, resins, plasticizers, and pesticides), or environmentally, from industrial sources, incinerators, and certain floor tiles. This colorless to slightly yellow liquid is an severe irritant to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Lung damage, pulmonary edema, permanent eye damage, and CNS depression are all possible. While the OSHA permissible exposure level for benzyl chloride is set at 5 mg/cu m (1 ppm), as an 8-ho...

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached rather quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C, on spraying much faster.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Lijinsky W et al; J Nat'l Cancer Inst 76 (6): 1231-5 (1986). Route: oral, gavage; Species: rats and mice.

1738 156

A good candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. A good candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids.

Flammability: Class IIIA Combustible Liquid: Fl.P. at or above 140 °F and below 200 °F.

Toxic by all routes (ie, oral, dermal, inhalation), exposure to benzyl chloride may occur occupationally at sites where the substance is used as a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of a wide range of commercial products (eg, dyes, perfumes, resins, plasticizers, and pesticides), or environmentally, from air contaminated by industrial sources, incinerators, and certain floor tiles. This colorless to slightly yellow liquid is an extreme irritant to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Symptomatology may include severe irritation of the upper respiratory tract (with coughing), conjuctivitis, dizziness, weakness, headache, tremors in eyelids and fingers, increased bilirubin in blood, and decrease in number of leukocytes. Lung damage, pulmonary edema, permanent eye damage, and CNS depressi...

Symbol: T; R: 45-22-23-37/38-41-48/22; S: 53-45; Note: E

P028; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when benzyl chloride, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to federal and/or state hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any container or inner liner used to hold this waste or any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5(e)).

Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in covered non-metallic containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Subsidiary Risks: 8; UN Pack Group: II

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), benzyl chloride, which has a vapor pressure of 1.23 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase benzyl chloride is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 7 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.90X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Benzyl chloride does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Ingestion First Aid: Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention .

Halogenated aliphatic compounds, such as BENZYL CHLORIDE, are moderately or very reactive. Halogenated organics generally become less reactive as more of their hydrogen atoms are replaced with halogen atoms. Materials in this group are incompatible with strong oxidizing and reducing agents. Also, they are incompatible with many amines, nitrides, azo/diazo compounds, alkali metals, and epoxides.

irritation eyes, skin, nose; lassitude (weakness, exhaustion); irritability; headache; skin eruption; pulmonary edema

Should be closed in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area away from sunlight, heat, moisture, active metals, oxidizers. Metal containers involving the transfer of this chemical should be grounded and bonded. ... Drums must be equipped with self-closing valves, pressure vacuum bungs; and flame arresters. Use only non-sparking tools and equipment, especially when opening and closing containers of this chemical. Sources of ignition, such as smoking and open flames, are prohibited where this chemical is used, handled or stored in a manner that could create a potential fire or explosion hazard.

AVOID ALL CONTACT! AVOID EXPOSURE OF (PREGNANT) WOMEN!

Cancer Sites: Endocrine

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Benzyl chloride produced differential cytotoxicity for a mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the extent of which was dependent on the presence of genes regulating DNA repair

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work. Wash hands before eating.

Oral Slope Factor Reference: IRIS Current

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Recommended Exposure Limit: 15 Minute Ceiling value: 1 ppm (5 mg/cu m).

SMALL SPILL: Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. (ERG, 2024)

A lachrymator. Slightly soluble in water.

Benzyl chloride has been detected in various unidentified industrial effluents(1). In the USA, benzyl chloride is emitted to the atmosphere from its commercial production and use at an estimated rate of 45,000 lbs/year with the emissions originating from scrubber vents, vacuum jets, storage and fugitive emissions, and equipment leaks(2). Stack emissions from waste incineration have been found to contain benzyl chloride(3). Emissions of benzyl chloride from floor tile manufactured with butyl benzyl phthalate have been reported(4).

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms.

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

Inhaltion - /Provide/ fresh air, rest. /Keep person in/ half-upright position. Skin /exposure/ - remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Eyes /exposure/ - First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Ingestion - rinse mouth.

Evacuation: ERG2024, Guide 156 (Benzyl chloride): · If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Chemical Assessment: IMAP assessments - Benzene, (chloromethyl)-: Human health tier II assessment

The Koc of benzyl chloride is estimated as 100(SRC), using a log Kow of 2.30(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that benzyl chloride is expected to have high mobility in soil.

Placard/Label(s)

INDOOR: The ambient indoor air of various residential homes in North Carolina was found to contain mean benzyl chloride levels of 6.23 ppb during winter-time monitoring while the outdoor air contained no detectable levels(1).

P028; An acute hazardous waste when a discarded commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate.

NFPA Instability Rating: 1 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable but that can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures.

Important additional information about respirator selection

Spill or Leak: ERG2024, Guide 156 (Benzyl chloride): · Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal.

1.1%

Those individuals with preexisting eye, skin, allergic, liver or kidney disease or preexisting respiratory conditions including underlying cardiopulmonary disease may be more sensitive to the effects of benzyl chloride exposure. Persons exposed to other irritants might /also/ be more sensitive.

Benzyl chloride's production and use in the manufacture of benzyl compounds, perfumes, pharmaceutical products, dyes, synthetic tannins, and artificial resins(1) as well as in the manufacture of photographic developer, penicillin precursors, gasoline gum inhibitors, quarternary compounds, and intermediates(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

AEROBIC: Benzyl chloride, present at 100 mg/L, reached 70.9% of its theoretical BOD in 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test(1). Benzyl chloride biodegraded readily with the formation of dechlorinated products during a 2-day incubation period using raw sewage and raw sewage acclimated to non-chlorinated compounds(2). However, since benzyl chloride is subject to hydrolysis(3-5), it is probably the biodegradation of benzyl alcohol that is measured in these studies(SRC).

A3; Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.

Benzyl chloride has been detected, not quantified in the soil-sediment-water matrix of the Love Canal near Niagara, NY(1).

TLV-TWA (Time Weighted Average): 1 ppm [1990]

The substance may have effects on the liver and kidneys. This may result in tissue lesions. This substance is possibly carcinogenic to humans. Animal tests show that this substance possibly causes toxicity to human reproduction or development.

Eye Dam. 1

The substance is corrosive to the eyes. The vapour is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Inhalation of the vapour or aerosol may cause lung oedema. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system. This may result in unconsciousness.

An estimated BCF of 20 was calculated in fish for benzyl chloride(SRC), using a log Kow of 2.30(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Explosive limits, vol% in air: 1.1-14.0

49 360 12; Benzyl chloride

The Henry's Law constant for benzyl chloride is estimated as 4.1X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 1.23 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 525 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that benzyl chloride is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 6 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 5 days(SRC). The potential for volatilization of benzyl chloride from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

(FL) FLORIDA 0.5 ug/l

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... .Treat se...

TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3)

PAC-3: 50 [ppm]

C 1 ppm (5 mg/m3) [15-minute]

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

772 °F = 411 °C = 684 K (estimated); 567 psia = 38.5 atm = 3.91 mN/sq m (estimated)

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of benzyl chloride with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 2.90X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 7 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). The aqueous hydrolysis rate constant for benzyl chloride has been found to range from 0.042X10-5 sec-1 at 0.1 °C to 1.38X10-5 sec-1 at 25 °C(3-7) which corresponds to half-lives of 0.58 to 19.1 days, respectively(SRC). The rate of aqueous hydrolysis has been found to be independent of pH up to pH 13.0(6). The aqueous hydrolysis products of benzyl chloride are benzyl alcohol and hydrogen chloride(5,6). Benzyl chloride does not contain chromophores that absor...

Occupations involving potential exposure to benzyl chloride: algicide makers, benzyl alcohol and chloride workers, benzyl ester makers, butyl benzyl phthalate workers, drug makers, dye-int makers, dye makers, dyers, disinfectant makers, extreme-pressure-lubricant makers and users, analytical chemists, petrol additive workers, germicide makers, motor fuel blenders, perfume makers, pharmaceutical workers, photographic-developer makers, quaternary-ammonium-compd workers, resin makers, rubber makers, tannin makers, wetting-agent makers, synthetic organic chemists. /from table/

SURFACE WATER: Benzyl chloride was detected, not quantified in one of 17 samples collected from the Delaware River in October 1976(1).

MAK (Maximale Arbeitsplatz Konzentration): skin absorption (H); carcinogen category: 2

Benzyl chloride's production and use in the manufacture of benzyl compounds, perfumes, pharmaceutical products, dyes, synthetic tannins, and artificial resins as well as in the manufacture of photographic developer, penicillin precursors, gasoline gum inhibitors, quarternary compounds, and intermediates may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 1.23 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates benzyl chloride will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase benzyl chloride will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 7 days. Benzyl chloride does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, theref...

IMO 6.1; Benzyl chloride

ERPG-3: 50 ppm - one hour exposure limit: 3 = life threatening health effects [AIHA]

Vapors irritate skin ... .

RD50 (Exposure concentration producing a 50% respiratory rate decrease): 17.0 [ppm]

Emergency Response Planning Guidelines (ERPG): ERPG(1) 1 ppm (no more than mild, transient effects) for up to 1 hr exposure. Odor should be detectable near ERPG-1.; ERPG(2) 10 ppm (without serious, adverse effects) for up to 1 hr exposure; ERPG(3) 50 ppm (not life threatening) up to 1 hr exposure.

Weight-Of-Evidence (WOE): See the IRIS entry for Benzyl Chloride

See: 100447

Soil Saturation Concentration (mg/kg): 1.46e+03

Soil Saturation Concentration (mg/kg): 1.46e+03