鬼笔环肽–Atto 565

Atto 565是一种新型荧光标记，属于若丹明染料类别。它显示出强吸收性、高荧光量子产率、高热稳定性和光稳定性，并且几乎没有三重态形成。Atto 565由两种异构体的混合物组成，它们具有几乎相同的光学吸收和发射波长。鬼笔环肽是一种从有毒蘑菇伞形毒蕈中分离出的真菌毒素。其毒性归因于其在肝脏和肌肉细胞中，与F肌动蛋白结合的能力。由于结合了鬼笔环肽，肌动蛋白丝变得非常稳定。研究人员已经发现鬼笔环肽仅会与肌动蛋白的聚合形式和寡聚形式结合，而不与单体肌动蛋白结合。已确定肌动蛋白-鬼笔环肽复合物的解离常数约为3 x 10-8。鬼笔环肽在反应速度上不同于鹅膏蕈碱。在高剂量水平下，小鼠或大鼠会在1或2小时内死亡。鬼笔环肽的荧光缀合物可用于标记肌动蛋白丝，从而用于组织学应用中。鬼笔环肽的某些结构特征是与肌动蛋白结合所必需的。但是，氨基酸7（g-d-二羟亮氨酸）的侧链可进行化学修饰，而对肌动蛋白的亲和力不会发生明显的损失。在此查找更多信息 Atto 565 is a novel fluorescent label that belongs to the class of Rhodamine dyes. It shows a strong absorption, high fluorescence quantum yield, high thermal and photostability, and a very little triplet formation. Atto 565 consists of a mixture of two isomers with practically identical optical absorption and emission Phalloidin is a fungal toxin isolated from the poisonous mushroom Amanita phalloides. Its toxicity is attributed to the ability to bind F actin in liver and muscle cells. As a result of binding phalloidin, actin filaments become strongly stabilized. Phalloidin has been found to bind only to polymeric and oligomeric forms of actin, and not to monomeric actin. The dissociation constant of the actin-phalloidin complex has been determined to be on the order of 3 x 10 -8 . Phalloidin differs from amanitin in rapidity of action; at high dose levels, death of mice or rats occurs within 1 or 2 hours. Fluorescent conjugates of phalloidin are used to label actin filaments for histological applications. Some structural features of phalloidin are required for the binding to actin. However, the side chain of amino acid 7 (g-d-dihydroxyleucine) is accessible for chemical modifications without appreciable loss of affinity for actin. find more information here

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