2-ethenylpyridine

Flammable. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Above 32 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed. Risk of fire and explosion. See Chemical Dangers.

Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants, strong acids and food and feedstuffs. Keep in the dark. Well closed. Store only if stabilized.

Use powder, AFFF, foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

LC50 (rat) = 610 mg/m3

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

FIRE HAZARD IS MODERATE.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour, through the skin and by ingestion.

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. Above 32 °C use a closed system, ventilation and explosion-proof electrical equipment. Do NOT expose to friction or shock.

A skin, eye, nose, and mucous membrane irritant; May cause skin burns and sensitization; Emergency treatment: Pyridine; Pyridine is an irritant that causes CNS depression after ingestion of 1/2 cup or inhalation of 6-12 ppm; It can cause liver and kidney injury; May cause delayed burns to skin; A severe eye and respiratory tract irritant; May cause skin sensitization; [ICSC] A corrosive substance that can cause injury to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract; Inhalation may cause chemical pneumonitis; May be absorbed through skin; [Alfa Aesar MSDS] May cause burns; Toxic if swallowed; Harmful if inhaled; May cause allergic skin reactions; [Aldrich MSDS] Vinylpyridines, stabilized (UN3073) has warning of explosive polymerization; [ERG 2016] See Pyridine.

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Personal protection: chemical protection suit.

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Subsidiary Risks: 3 and 8; UN Pack Group: II

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2-vinylpyridine, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 2.6 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-vinylpyridine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically- produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 6.8 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 5.67X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Vapor-phase 2-vinylpyridine is also degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with ozone(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 13 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant...

Ingestion First Aid: Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

Ingestion Exposure: Further see Inhalation.

PREVENT GENERATION OF MISTS! AVOID ALL CONTACT!

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

UNREVIEWED | 2-Vinylpyridine (CAS # 100-60-6, 97.34%) was evaluated for subchronic oral toxicity in Crl:CD rats (30/sex/dose level) gavaged with doses of 0, 20, 60, or 180 mg/kg/day, 5 days/week for approximately 43 or 92 days. Three female rats (2/30 at 180 mg/kg/day, 1/30 at 60 mg/kg/day) died of a potential toxic cause on Days 15, 65, and 42, respectively. High dose rats exhibited clinical signs including convulsions and sialorrhea. A high dose regimen was also associated with diminished weight gain with decreased feed consumption in males, reduced feed consumption in 92-day females, slight platelet count elevations (males and females), and slightly depressed aspartate aminotransferase activity in males. On necropsy, "relevent lesions" in the study lethalities included pulmonary cong...

New Zealand EPA Inventory of Chemical Status: 2-Vinylpyridine (stabilized with 4-t-butylpyrocatechol): Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

2-Vinylpyridine was detected in 2 of 21 industrial categories of wastewater effluents(1). Extract from the wastewater of a public owned sewage treatment works contained 2-vinylpyridine at an average concn of 68 mg/l; and the extract from wastewater of a rubber processing facility contained 2-vinylpyridine at an average concn of 209 mg/l(1).

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

The Koc of 2-vinylpyridine is estimated as 160(SRC), using a measured log Kow of 1.54(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2-vinylpyridine is expected to have moderate mobility in soil. The pKa of 2-vinylpyridine is 4.98(4), which indicates that this compound will partially exist in the protonated form under acidic conditions. Cations adsorb more strongly to soil surfaces than neutral molecules thus adsorption of 2-vinylpyridine is expected to be greater in acidic soils(SRC).

LD50 GUINEA PIG PERCUTANEOUS LESS THAN 0.5 ML/KG

Reference(s): Kelly

MUTAGENIC ACTIVITY COULD NOT BE ADEQUATELY ASSESSED IN SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM/MAMMALIAN MICROSOME SYSTEM USING STRAINS TA1535, TA98 & TA100 WITH & WITHOUT S-9 MIX BECAUSE OF SEVERE TOXICITY.

2-Vinylpyridine's production and use as a monomer for polyvinylpyridine polymers used as tire-cord binders(1), in synthetic rubbers, photographic film, ion exchange resins as well as in pharmaceuticals(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

AEROBIC: 2-Vinylpyridine, present at 100 mg/l, was not biodegraded, as measured by BOD, in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/l and the Japanese MITI test(1).

Repeated or prolonged contact may cause skin sensitization.

Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Long-term) - Category 2

The substance may cause effects on the skin. This may result in delayed burns. The substance is severely irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract.

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated for 2-vinylpyridine(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.54(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for 2-vinylpyridine is estimated as 3.6X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 2-vinylpyridine is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 10 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 80 days(SRC). 2-Vinylpyridine's Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). However, 2-vinylpyridine is a weak base with a pKa of 4.98(4), which indicates this compound will partially exist in the protonat...

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in respiratory arrest. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2-vinylpyridine with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been measured as 5.67X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 6.8 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2-vinylpyridine with ozone has been estimated as 2.1X10-17 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(2). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 13 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(3). 2-Vinylpyridine is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(4). Data are not available to assess thi...

The most probable human exposure to 2-vinylpyridine would be occupational exposure, which may occur through dermal contact or inhalation at places where it is produced or used. Non-occupational exposures are likely to occur from the passive and active inhalation of cigarette smoke(1).

2-Vinylpyridine was detected in cigarette smoke at an average concn of 32 nmol/cu m/cigarette in a test chamber(1).

2-Vinylpyridine's production and use as a monomer for polyvinylpyridine polymers used as tire-cord binders, in synthetic rubbers, photographic film, ion exchange resins as well as in pharmaceuticals may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 2.6 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 2-vinylpyridine will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-vinylpyridine will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals and ozone; the half-lives for these reactions in air are estimated to be 6.8 and 13 hours, respectively. If released to soil, 2-vinylpyridine is expected to have moderate mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 160. 2-Vinylpyridine has a pKa of 4....

Depending on the extent of possible contact, workers should be provided with personal protective equipment. A charcoal gas mask canister respirator has been found to be effective against a 2% pyridine concentration at 30 l/min for 1 hr. Rubber and plastic gloves should not be relied upon to prevent skin contact because pyridine and many of its derivatives penetrate these materials ... . /Pyridine, homologs, and derivatives/

IMO 6.1; Vinylpyridines, inhibited

BRIEF EXPOSURES TO UNDETERMINED CONCN ... CAUSED EYE, NOSE, & THROAT IRRITATION ... .