生物素 -硫酸软骨素

Biotin Chondroitin sulfate sodium salt

B758519-5mg

5mg

≥95%

硫酸软骨素（Chondroitin Sulfate，CS）是一类由葡萄糖醛酸（GlcUA）和N-乙酰半乳糖胺（GalNAc）组成的二糖单位（GlcUAβ1-3GalNAc）通过β-1,4糖苷键重复连接而成的硫酸化GAGs。在生物合成过程中，首先在核心蛋白的特定丝氨酸残基上合成CS的软骨素基本骨架（-4GlcAβ1-3GalNAcβ1-），期间糖链中GalNAc的C6和C-4及GlcA的C2在多种硫酸基转移酶作用发生硫酸化修饰，从而形成具有多种不同和硫酸化模式的二糖单位。不同动物组织来源的CS通常根据其包含的主要二糖单位或富含的稀有二糖单位来命名：如哺乳动物软骨来源的CS-A，主要含有4-O-硫酸化二糖GlcAβ1-3GalNAc(4S)（A unit）；鲨鱼软骨来源的CS-C，主要含有6-O-硫酸化二糖GlcAβ1-3GalNAc(6S)（C unit）；鲨鱼翅来源的CS-D，富含稀有2,6-O-硫酸化二糖GlcA(2S)β1-3GalNAc(6S)（D unit）；鱿鱼软骨来源的CS-E，富含稀有4,6-O-硫酸化二糖GlcAβ1-3GalNAc(4S, 6S)（E unit）。此外，常见的二糖单元还包括三硫酸化修饰的二糖T unit（GlcA(2S)β1-3GalNAc(4S, 6S)）等。这些硫酸化修饰使CS的组成和结构高度复杂，并赋予了其多样的生物学功能，如参与了神经系统发育、细胞分裂、细胞分化、细胞信号转导、形态发生和炎症等各种生理和病理过程。 Chondroitin Sulfate (CS) is a type of sulfated GAGs composed of disaccharide units (GlcUA β 1-3GalNAc) composed of glucuronic acid (GlcUA) and N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), which are repeatedly linked by β -1,4-glycosidic bonds. In the process of biosynthesis, the chondroitin basic skeleton of CS (-4GlcA β 1-3GalNAc β 1-) is first synthesized on specific serine residues of the core protein. During this process, the C6 and C-4 of GalNAc and the C2 of GlcA undergo sulfation modifications in the sugar chain by various sulfate transferases, forming disaccharide units with multiple different and sulfation modes. CS from different animal tissue sources are usually named based on the main disaccharide units they contain or the rare disaccharide units they are rich in, such as CS-A from mammalian cartilage, which mainly contains the 4-O-sulfated disaccharide GlcA β 1-3GalNAc (4S) (A unit); The CS-C derived from shark cartilage mainly contains the 6-O-sulfated disaccharide GlcA β 1-3GalNAc (6S) (C unit); CS-D derived from shark wings is rich in rare 2,6-O-sulfated disaccharide GlcA (2S) β 1-3GalNAc (6S) (D unit); CS-E derived from squid cartilage is rich in rare 4,6-O-sulfated disaccharide GlcA β 1-3GalNAc (4S, 6S) (E unit). In addition, common disaccharide units include trisulfated disaccharide T units (GlcA (2S) β 1-3GalNAc (4S, 6S)). These sulfation modifications make the composition and structure of CS highly complex, and endow it with diverse biological functions, such as participating in various physiological and pathological processes such as nervous system development, cell division, cell differentiation, cell signal transduction, morphogenesis, and inflammation.