Mifamurtide sodium (MTP-PE sodium), an analog of the muramyl dipeptide (MDP), is a nonspecific immunomodulator by stimulating the immune response activating macrophages and monocytes. Mifamurtide sodium, an orphan agent, is a specific ligand of NOD2 used as an insulin sensitizer. Mifamurtide sodium has the potential for osteosarcoma research In Vitro Mifamurtide sodium (MTP-PE sodium; 100 µM) induces a reduction of MG63 cells number when co-cultured with macrophages. Mifamurtide sodium (100 µM) increases both the M1 polarization marker iNOS and the M2 polarization marker CD206 mRNAs; both pro-inflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-10) cytokines. Mifamurtide sodium increases the iron transporter DMT1 protein. L-mifamurtide sodium (5, 5000 nM; for 48 hours) alone has no direct effect on the proliferation rate of the two osteosarcoma cell lines MOS-J and KHOS in vitro or in vivo. Mifamurtide sodium acts as a nonspecific immunomodulator by activating macrophages and monocytes related to the upregulation of tumoricidal activity and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and PGD2. MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. In Vivo Mifamurtide sodium (MTP-PE sodium; 1 mg/kg; i.v.; twice per week for 4 weeks) causes a trend of diminished spontaneous lung metastasis dissemination . Mifamurtide sodium (50 μg/mouse) improves glucose tolerance during endotoxemia in mice. Mifamurtide sodium (equivalent to 20 μg MDP; 4 times per week for 5 weeks) improves glucose tolerance in HFD-fed mice without altering body mass. MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Animal Model: C57BL/6, BALB/c mice with KHOS osteosarcoma cells Dosage: 1 mg/kg Administration: IV; twice per week for 4 weeks Result: Caused a trend of diminished spontaneous lung metastasis dissemination in xenogeneic (KHOS) and syngeneic (MOS-J) models. Form:Solid IC50& Target:NOD2