Caroverine (Tinnex) hydrochloride is a potent, competitive and reversible antagonist of NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptor . Caroverine hydrochloride is also an antioxidant and calcium-blocking agent that exhibits vasorelaxant action. Caroverine hydrochloride can be used for the research of inner ear tinnitus In Vitro Caroverine (1 μM; pretreated for 10 min) inhibits the pressor response to KCl (80 mM) and noradrenaline (1 μM) in the rat hindquarter preparation. Caroverine markedly suppresses the contraction caused by KCl (40 mM) in the rat isolated aorta. MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. In Vivo Caroverine (1.44 mg/rat; s.c; 1.0 mL/h for 72 h) attenuates impulse noise-induced hearing loss in the rat. MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Animal Model: Sprague-Dawley rats of either sex (250-300 g) received impulse noise exposureDosage: 1.44 mg/rat Administration: 20 mg/mL; s.c. 1.0 mL/h for 72 h Result: Significantly protected the cochlea against impulse noise trauma. Form:Solid IC50& Target:NMDA, AMPA