Urolithin C, a gut-microbial metabolite of Ellagic acid, is a glucose-dependent activator of insulin secretion . Urolithin C is a L-type Ca 2+ channel opener and enhances Ca 2+ influx. Urolithin C induces cell apoptosis through a mitochondria-mediated pathway and also stimulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation In Vitro Urolithin C (20-100 μM; 1 hour; INS-1 cells) treatment enhances glucose-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) activation in INS-1 β-cells. Urolithin C significantly inhibits the proliferation of PC12 cells. Urolithin C treatment actively increases the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and lipid peroxidation malondialdehyde (MDA), stimulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and mitochondrial membrane depolarization, and caused calcium dyshomeostasis. Urolithin C treatment induces apoptosis and S phase cell cycle arrest. MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Western Blot AnalysisCell Line: INS-1 cells Concentration: 20 μM, 100 μM Incubation Time: 1 hour Result: Enhanced glucose-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) activation. In Vivo The pharmacokinetics of Urolithin C (10 mg/kg; intraperitoneal administration) in male Wistar rat (140-160 g) are studied. The half-life of the terminal part is 11.3 h and the total clearance (CL/F) is 3.41 L/h/kg. The initial volume of distribution (V 1 /F) and the steady-state volume of distribution (Vss/F) are 0.831 L/kg and 55.6 L/kg, respectively. MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Form:Solid IC50& Target:Insulin secretion, L-type Ca 2+ channel, Reactive oxygen species (ROS),Apoptosis