How to extract natural products?
1. Cell crushing, including bead grinding crushing, pressure release crushing, freezing pressure release crushing, chemical crushing, mechanical crushing, etc. The maturity of cell crushing technology makes it possible to produce large-scale intracellular products.
2. Preliminary purification, various precipitation methods such as salting out, organic solvent precipitation, chemical precipitation, large network resin adsorption method, and membrane separation method solve the separation, concentration, and desalination of macromolecular substances sensitive to heat, pH, metal ions, and organic solvents.
3. Highly purified, various chromatography technologies have been developed, such as affinity chromatography, hydrophobic chromatography, etc., and the main ones used for industrial production are ion exchange chromatography and gel chromatography. The former technology was gradually developed into industrial technology after the 1960s, and the real use of biological macromolecules was after the 1970s. After the commercialization of various types of weak acid and weak base ion exchange resins, such as DEAE-glucan, it developed rapidly. The industrial application of gel chromatography technology was only realized in the 1980s.
4. Finished product processing, mainly drying and crystallization. For bioactive substances, spray drying, airflow drying, boiling bed drying, freeze drying and other technologies can be used according to their different thermal stability. Among them, freeze drying technology is widely used in the drying of protein products, but its high energy consumption, complex equipment and long operation time need to be improved and improved; crystallization technology implementation of industrial production.
