What are the classifications of poisons? Dangerous
Classification and classification of hazardous chemicals; according to the "Classification and Labeling of Commonly Used Hazardous Chemicals" (GB1369; Class 1, Explosives;; Class 2, Compressed Gases and Liquefied Gases;; Class 3, Flammable Liquids; Class 4, Flammable Solids, Spontaneous Combustibles and Wet Flammable Materials;; Class 5, Oxidants and Organic Peroxides;; Class 6, Poisons and Infectious Materials;; Class 7, Radioactive Materials; Class 8, Corrosive Products; 1, Explosives; This class of chemicals refers to under external action (such as heat, friction, impact, etc.); explosives are classified into
Classification and classification of hazardous chemicals
According to the Classification and Labeling of Commonly Used Hazardous Chemicals (GB 13690-92), our country classifies hazardous chemicals into 8 categories and 21 items according to their hazard.
Class 1, explosives;
Class 2, compressed gases and liquefied gases;
Class 3, flammable liquids;
Class 4, flammable solids, spontaneous combustible articles, and flammable articles in case of moisture;
Class 5, oxidizing agents and organic peroxides;
Class 6, poisons and infectious substances;
Class 7, radioactive materials;
Class 8, Corrosives.
1. Explosives
This class of chemicals refers to items that can undergo violent chemical reactions under external action (e.g. heat, friction, impact, etc.), generating a large amount of gas and heat instantaneously, causing a sudden increase in ambient pressure, an explosion, and damage to the surrounding environment. Items that do not pose an overall explosion hazard, but have combustion, ejection, and minor explosion hazards are not included.
Explosives are classified into five categories: 1. Integral explosives: substances and articles with an overall explosion hazard; 2. Projected explosives: substances and articles with a projectile hazard, but no overall explosion hazard; 3. Combustible explosives: substances and articles with a combustion hazard and a minor explosion or a minor projectile hazard, or both, but no overall explosion hazard: 4. General explosives: explosive substances and articles without a significant risk. In the event of ignition or detonation, most of their dangerous effects are limited to the inside of the package, but there is no significant danger to the outside of the package; 5. Insensitive explosives: very insensitive explosive substances, relatively stable, will not explode during fire tests.
2. Compressed gas and liquefied gas
Refers to a compressed, liquefied, or pressurized dissolved gas that meets one of the following two conditions: (1) a compressed or liquefied gas whose critical temperature is lower than 50 ° C, or whose vapor pressure is greater than 294 kpa at 50 ° C; (2) a compressed gas whose absolute pressure is greater than 21.7 kpa at a temperature of 21.2 ° C, or whose absolute pressure is greater than 715 kpa at 54.4 ° C; or a liquefied gas or pressurized dissolved gas with a Red vapor pressure greater than 275 kpa at 37.8 ° C. When heated, impacted, or strongly vibrated, the pressure in the container will increase sharply, causing the container to break and explode, or causing the cylinder valve to loosen and leak air, resulting in a fire or poisoning accident.
According to its nature, it is divided into the following three categories: ① flammable gases; ② non-flammable gases (including combustion-supporting gases); ③ toxic gases.
3. Flammable liquids
Refers to liquids, liquid mixtures or liquids containing solid substances with a closed cup flash point equal to or lower than 61 ° C, but does not include liquids that have been included in other categories due to their hazard. This class of substances is volatile at room temperature, and its vapors can be mixed with air to form explosive mixtures.
According to the flash point, it is divided into the following three categories: (1) low flash point liquid, flash point < -18 ° C; (2) medium flash point liquid -17 ° C ≤ flash point < 23 ° C; (3) high flash point liquid 23 ° C ≤ flash point ≤ 61 ° C.
4. Flammable solids, self-combustible items, and flammable items in case of moisture. These items are prone to cause and contribute to fires.
According to its combustion characteristics, it is divided into the following three categories: (1) Flammable solids: refers to solids with low ignition point, sensitive to heat, impact, and friction, easily ignited by external fire sources, burning rapidly, and may emit toxic fumes or toxic gases; (2) Spontaneous combustion items: refers to items with low spontaneous ignition point, prone to oxidation reactions in the air, releasing heat, and self-burning; (3) Wet flammable items: refers to items that have a violent chemical reaction when exposed to water or moisture, releasing a large amount of flammable gases and heat. Some can burn or explode without an open flame.
5. Oxidants and organic peroxides
This type of item has strong oxidizing properties and is prone to combustion and explosion.
According to its composition, it is divided into the following two categories: (1) Oxidant, refers to a substance that is in a high oxidation state, has strong oxidation, and is easy to decompose and release oxygen and heat. Including inorganic substances containing peroxy groups, which are not necessarily flammable in themselves, but can cause the combustion of flammable substances; and powdered flammable substances can form an explosive mixture, which is more sensitive to heat, vibration or friction. According to its danger, it is divided into primary oxidant and secondary oxidant. (2) Organic peroxide
Material refers to an organic substance containing peroxide bonds in its molecular composition, which is flammable, explosive, and easily decomposed, and is extremely sensitive to heat, vibration, and friction.
6. Poisons and infectious substances
It refers to the accumulation of a certain amount after entering the body, which can have biochemical or biophysical effects with body fluids and tissues, disrupt or destroy the normal physiological functions of the body, cause temporary or permanent pathological changes, and even dangerous and life items. Specific indicators Oral: LD50 ≤ 500mg/kg (solid)
LD50 ≤ 2000mg/kg (liquid) percutaneous (24h contact): LD50 ≤ 1000mg/kg (solid) inhalation LC50 ≤ 10mg/L (dust, smoke)
This category is divided into two categories: poisons and infectious substances. Among them, poisons are divided into first-class poisons and second-class poisons according to their toxicity.
7. There are many ways to break down radioactive materials, and the following are more commonly used.
1. Physical form sub-item
(1) Solid radioactive materials: such as cobalt-60, monazite, etc.
(2) Powdered radioactive materials: such as luminous powder, sodium cerium double salt, etc.
(3) Liquid radioactive items: such as luminescent agents, medical isotope preparations, sodium dihydrogen phosphate-P32, etc.
(4) Grain-like radioactive items: such as thorium nitrate, etc.
(5) Gas radioactive materials: such as krypton 85 argon 41, etc.
2. Items by type of radiation emitted
(1) Radioactive materials that emit alpha, beta, and gamma rays, such as radium 226;
(2) Radioactive materials that emit alpha and beta rays; such as natural uranium;
(3) Radioactive materials that emit beta and gamma rays, such as cobalt 60;
(4) Radioactive materials that emit neutron streams (and also emit one or two of alpha, beta or gamma rays): such as radium-beryllium neutron streams, Polonium-beryllium neutron streams, etc.
3. According to the size of radioactivity, it is divided into first-level radioactive materials, second-level radioactive materials, and third-level radioactive materials.
8. Corrosive products
Corrosive substances refer to solids or liquids that can burn human tissue and cause damage to metals and other items. Visible necrosis occurs within 4 hours in contact with the skin, or when the temperature is 55 ° C, the uniform annual corrosion rate of No. 20 steel exceeds 6.25mm/a. Solid or liquid.
This class is divided into three categories according to chemical properties: (1) acidic corrosive products; (2) alkaline corrosive products; (3) other corrosive products. According to the strength of its corrosiveness, it is divided into primary corrosive products and secondary corrosive products.
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