What kind of soil is used to grow horse's milk grapes? horse's milk
Grapes are called Putao in ancient times, and there are many varieties. They are distributed all over the country, such as the famous horse milk grapes in Xinjiang, Hebei white milk grapes, Shandong longan, Beijing rose fragrance, Sichuan green grapes, etc. Today I will introduce to you the horse milk grapes in Xinjiang, the famous horse milk grapes. The fallen leaves of horse milk grapes are wooden vines, 12-20 meters long; the bark is long flaky, and the young branches are smooth. The leaves are alternate, nearly round, 7-15 cm long, 6-14 cm wide, 3-5 lobed, the base is heart-shaped, the sides are close together, and the edges are coarse-toothed. Conical behind- the-scene, small flowers, yellow-green. After flowering, the grapes bear fruit, sweet and refreshing, crystal clear as jadeite, which is the top grade among grapes.
The shape of horse milk grapes is oval, the outer skin is green, the outer skin is very thin, the pulp is a little harder than ordinary grapes, and the pulp is also green. When you eat it, you don't need to peel it; if the grape is older, the outer skin will be a little yellowish; the shape of ordinary grapes is round, the outer skin is purple, and the pulp is green. If the grape is not ripe, it will be a little light green. The reason why horse milk grapes are also called horse milk grapes is because they are shaped like horse milk heads. The ears are cylindrical, with large shoulders and branches. The grains are cylindrical, with an average grain weight of 6 grams and a maximum weight of 8 grams. White-green, sweet and juicy, crispy and refreshing. With a long history of cultivation, horse milk grapes have high nutritional value.
Due to the unique geographical environment in Xinjiang, the light time is long, the air is pollution-free, and the Tianshan snow water and groundwater are watered, the sugar content of horse milk grapes produced is as high as 18% -20%. Ordinary horse milk grapes contain only 8% to 10% sugar, mainly glucose. A variety of fruit acids in grapes help digestion, and eating more grapes properly can strengthen the spleen and stomach; the sugar in grapes is mainly glucose, which can be quickly absorbed by the human body.
Planting Technology of Horse's Milk Grape
Fertilizer and water management
For every 50 kg of berries produced, about 0.25-0.75 kg of nitrogen, 0.2-0.75 kg of phosphorus, and 0.13-0.63 kg of potassium should be applied. Base fertilizer should be carried out from the end of September to the beginning of October when the new shoots are fully ripe after the fruit is harvested. Top dressing is generally applied with quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer more than ten days before flowering. Top dressing in early July is mainly potassium fertilizer. Fertilization is applied in a ring-shaped trench about 1 meter away from the plant. The depth of base fertilizer is about 40 cm, and top dressing should be shallower. Water after fertilization. Spray 1-3% superphosphate solution before flowering, young fruit stage and berry ripening stage; spray 0.05-0.1% boric acid solution before flowering; spray potassium salt solution during fruit setting and fruit growth period, or 3% plant ash leaching solution.
Main pests and diseases and their control
1: The main disease of grapes: grape black pox glass cuts off diseased branches, diseased leaves, and diseased fruits in time and buries them deeply. When pruning in winter, cut off diseased branches and burn them or bury them deeply to reduce the source of disease; spray 5 degrees of stone sulfur mixture when the buds expand before germination; spray Bordeaux liquid during growth, according to the ratio of 0.5 kg of copper sulfate, 0.25 kg of quicklime, and 80-100 kg of water. Grape frost mildew? Spray 200 times of Bordeaux liquid 2-3 times in the month. Grape anthrax glass cuts off diseased branches in time to eliminate the source of disease; spray 600-800 times of antibacterial special liquid every half month after mid-June. Spray 0.2-0 degrees of stone sulfur mixture once in mid-May. Grape water jar glass can reduce the occurrence of this disease by appropriately leaving branches, sparing ears or pinching ear tips; strengthening fertilization, increasing tree nutrition, and applying potassium fertilizer appropriately.
2: Grape main pests and control. Grape two-star leafhopper. Spray pyridoxine 400 times liquid during the occurrence period.
grafting
Some varieties of cuttings have underdeveloped root systems and weak growth potential, so it is often necessary to change seeds or use grafting methods to cultivate seedlings in production.
1: Spring splicing, from late May to late June, the new shoots reach semi-lignification for splitting.
2: Autumn picking, within one month after the grapes are harvested, the branches of the year have been lignified, and block mosaic bud picking can be carried out.
Start depending on the degree of local grapes. Too early is not easy to survive, too late germination and post-growth are short for a long time, the degree of lignification of new shoots is low, and they cannot be winterized in winter. Grafting method. The scion is 0.8-1 cm in diameter and 5 cm long, without petiole. Cut 2.5-3 cm down on both sides of the full bud. The cutting surface should be smooth to form a symmetrical wedge on both sides. The thickness of the rootstock should be slightly larger than that of the scion. The seedling should be cut at 10-15 cm above the surface, and the anvil should be cut at 5 cm at the base of the branches that were born in the current year. After the rootstock is cut flat, a straight seam of 3 cm long should be cut vertically from the middle of the section north-south, and the cut scion should be quickly inserted. The buds on the scion should be facing south, and the cutting surface should be exposed Then use a plastic cable tie to wrap the rootstock tightly from bottom to top and tie the knot tightly. Finally, wrap the scion tightly with plastic strips, revealing only the germination. After 7-10 days, germinate and germinate. When the new shoots grow to 7-8 leaves, pick the heart in time. Leave 1-2 leaves for the side shoots growing from the leaf axils, and only one side shoot at the top to extend the growth? Continue to pick the heart and deal with the side shoots when they are all 6 leaves to promote the maturity of the branches.
