Cearoin increases autophagy and apoptosis through the production of ROS and the activation of ERK In Vitro Cearoin (10-80 μM) induces cell death in a dose-dependent manner. Cearoin (10-80 μM) increases the phosporylation of ERK in SH-SY5Y cells. Cearoin (5-80 μM) increases the conversion of LC3B-I to LC3B-II in SH-SY5Y cells. The expression of LC3B-II is a good marker for autophagosome formation in the autophagy process. MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Cell Viability AssayCell Line: Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells Concentration: 0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 40, or 80 μM Incubation Time: 6 or 12 hours Result: Significantly decreased cell viability from 10 μM in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with 40 μM for 12 h induced about 50% loss in cell viability in SH-SY5Y cells. Western Blot AnalysisCell Line: Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells Concentration: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, or 80 μM Incubation Time: 12 hours Result: Increased ERK phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner, whereas it did not alter JNK phosphorylation. Induced the formation of LC3B-II in a dose dependent manner. Form:Solid IC50& Target:ERK ROS Autophagy Apoptosis