The system of Vietnam in the Spring and Autumn Period: enjoyed
During the Spring and Autumn Period, the system in the country of Yue was that women had to report to the government when they were about to give birth, and the government sent doctors to guard them. The reward for giving birth to a boy was two pots of wine and a dog, and the reward for giving birth to a girl was two pots of wine and a mouthful of pigs. If they gave birth to three children, the government sent them to the nursing mother to nurse ("Mandarin and Vietnamese").
The next level than "sweet, bitter, spicy and salty" is the so-called "birth, old age, illness and death". Say they are civil affairs organs, but there are other competent departments such as household housing and workshop in the county yamen; say they are social charities, but they are indeed government-run rather than private. In the "Seventh Repair Draft" written by Mingren Lang Ying, the specific classification of "birth, old age, illness and death" is: the Salesian and Child Bureau is called "birth", which is in charge of the adoption of abandoned children; the nursing home is called "old", which is in charge of the adoption of orphans; Anjifang is called "disease", which is in charge of the adoption of sick and disabled; Leakze Garden is called "death", which is in charge of the collection and burial of abandoned corpses. And if the county prison is added again, it can be made up with "birth, old age, illness and death".
Let's say "sheng" first. Judging from the records in "Zhou Li, Diguan and Da Situ", it can be said that the Chinese government in the Western Zhou Dynasty had already attached great importance to population maintenance. The first item in the so-called "six ways to protect interest and raise all the people" is "Sali You". Zheng Xuan's note reads: "Sali You, which is called loving your children and little ones, gives birth to three children with the mother, and two with the mother." During the Spring and Autumn Period, the system of Yue Kingdom was that when a woman was about to give birth, she had to report to the official government, and was guarded by a doctor sent by the official government. The reward for giving birth to a boy was two pots of wine and a dog, and the reward for giving birth to a girl was two pots of wine and a mouthful of pigs. If she gave birth to three children, the official government sent In the state of Qi, there were also special "palm children" officials in the government, who were responsible for rewarding "glorious mothers". For example, a mother with three children could be exempted from paying taxes; if there was another one, the whole family would be exempted from paying taxes; if there was a fifth child, the government would also send a nanny, and the rations of the fifth child and the nanny would be borne by the state. In addition, there were also "palm orphans" officials in various places, who were specially responsible for finding adoptive families for orphans. Families with orphans were exempt from the treatment, and the "palm orphans" officials often went to inquire. Beginning in the Qin and Han Dynasties, such functions were fully transformed into the legal responsibility of the state and county yamen. According to the "Biography of Jia Biao in the Later Han Dynasty", when Jia Biao was the mayor of Xinxi County, there was theft in the Jia Biao ordered the car to be driven for an inspection. The officials thought that compared with the two, it was naturally important to rob and harm people. They were going to take him to the south of the city. Jia County Chief got angry and said, "It is common sense for bandits and thieves to harm people; mother and son can harm each other, and they go against the sky." Then they drove north. In a few years, Xinxi County added thousands of lives, and it was said that it depended on Jia County Chief to survive, so all the boys were named "Jia Zi" and all the girls were named "Jia Nv". In the Northern Song Dynasty, Shi Youming's government-run Salesian Bureau appeared, but people were still encouraged to come to the bureau to adopt, and the officials gave money rice or assigned a nurse, so there was a saying "not to raise healthy children, but to raise beggars". Since the two Song Dynasties, the Salesian Bureau has gradually become popular, and later there are also called the Nursery Hall, but the special "orphan" officials are no longer organized and changed to miscellaneous positions.
The second time is to say "old". Preferential treatment of the elderly is a fine tradition of the Chinese nation. The responsibility of direct descendants is to respect relatives, which is "filial piety", and raising is the minimum condition. The so-called "filial piety has three, great filial piety respects relatives, and secondly, if you are not humiliated, you can support them" ("Book of Rites · Sacrificing Righteousness"). The state should take care of those orphans who have no children, or who belong to the side branch of the genealogical party and cannot inherit the property of their ancestors. "Book of Rites · Royal System" says: "The rich people raised the old in the country to learn from the right, and the old to learn from the left; the Zhou people raised the old in Dongjiao, and the old to learn from the Yu." It seems that the earliest nursing homes were run together with the Like Salesian, from the Qin and Han Dynasties onwards, the elderly care system was also transferred to the state and county offices. The system of residential care homes was generally established all over the country. Since the Northern Song Dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty has changed its name to sanatoriums. The "Dayuan Pass System" stipulates: "All widows, widows, lonely, old, weak, disabled and poor, and have no complaints, shall be adopted in sanatoriums. Those who should be adopted but not adopted, and those who should not be adopted and adopted, shall be punished for their slaughter." The Ming and Qing Dynasties inherited the Song and Yuan Dynasties, and there were sanatoriums in all counties and counties. The "Notes of Xiangzu" states that Yan Song, a powerful minister in the Ming Dynasty, lived in a Hangzhou sanatorium after being raided and lost his home. Until In the opera, Yan Song is the face of the deputy "feed the dog when he dies, and the dog smells bad". Can you imagine that he can still enjoy the incense offering behind him?
